Question 1: Describe the process of plucking in glaciation. How does it contribute to the erosion of the landscape?

Answer: Plucking occurs when a glacier moves over bedrock, and meltwater penetrates cracks. As the glacier advances, the water freezes and pulls away pieces of rock, causing erosion and shaping the landscape.

Question 2: Explain the difference between abrasion and plucking as processes of glacial erosion.

Answer: Abrasion involves the glacier grinding against the bedrock with debris embedded in the ice, wearing it down. Plucking involves the glacier freezing onto rocks and pulling pieces away as it moves.

Question 3: List three landforms that are created by glacial erosion.

Answer: U-shaped valleys, cirques, and aretes.

Question 4: Describe the features of a corrie (or cirque) and how it is formed.

Answer: A corrie is a bowl-shaped hollow with steep sides, formed by the rotational movement of a glacier that erodes the landscape through plucking and abrasion, creating a rounded depression.

Question 5: Explain the process of deposition in glaciation and how it affects the landscape.

Answer: Deposition occurs when a glacier loses energy and drops the materials it has been carrying, such as rocks and debris. This builds features like moraines and drumlins, shaping the landscape.

Question 6: Identify and describe two types of moraines formed by glaciers.

Answer: Terminal moraine, which is deposited at the furthest point of a glacier's advance, and lateral moraine, which forms along the sides of a glacier.

Question 7: Draw a simple cross-section of a glacier showing the different zones: the accumulation zone, the ablation zone, and the equilibrium line. Label each zone.

Answer: A cross-section with a high-altitude accumulation zone where snow accumulates, a lower ablation zone where melting occurs, and a line in between called the equilibrium line where accumulation equals melting.

Question 8: Sketch a diagram illustrating how a U-shaped valley is formed by glacial erosion.

Answer: A V-shaped valley gradually widened and deepened into a U-shape, with steep sides and a flat valley floor, created by the erosive power of a moving glacier.

Question 9: Describe how an arête is formed and explain its significance in glacial landscapes.

Answer: An arête is a sharp ridge formed when two glaciers erode two opposite sides of a mountain, creating a narrow, knife-edged ridge. It indicates intense glacial erosion.

Question 10: Explain the difference between a roche moutonnée and a drumlin, including how each is formed.

Answer: A roche moutonnée is a rounded rock formation with a gentle slope on the upstream side and a steeper downstream side, formed by glacial erosion. A drumlin is an elongated hill made of glacial till, formed by the deposition of sediments as a glacier advances.