Source A: Excerpt from a medical historian

'John Simpson was a pioneering surgeon whose work in the 19th century transformed surgical practices. His innovations, particularly in anesthesia, marked a turning point in medicine.' Provenance: Extract from a history textbook, 2010.

Source B: Medical development timeline

Key events include:

• 'Introduction of anesthesia by Simpson in 1847'
• 'Advancements in medical education and training'
• 'Increased funding for hospitals and research' Provenance: Medical history archive, 2015.

Source C: Modern medical opinion

'Simpson's development of anesthesia revolutionized surgery, making procedures safer and more effective, which had lasting effects on medicine.' Provenance: Medical journal, 2000.

Source D: Comparative analysis

'While technological innovations like anesthesia were crucial, increased funding and education were equally essential in enabling their development.' Provenance: Medical research report, 2018.

Source E: Summary of 19th-century medical progress

'The combination of technological innovations, increased funding, and improved education transformed medicine during the 19th century.' Provenance: History textbook, 2012.