Source A: Life of a Spartan Warrior and Athenian Citizen

"Spartan boys begin training at the age of seven, living in military barracks and learning discipline through rigorous exercises. They are taught to value strength and loyalty above all else, preparing for a life of warfare. Spartan women, unlike their Athenian counterparts, enjoy more freedom; they own property and are expected to be strong and healthy to bear healthy children.

In contrast, Athenian boys spend their childhood at home, learning reading, writing, and the arts. They are encouraged to develop their talents and participate in democratic debates. Athenian women usually stay at home, managing household duties and rarely participating in public life. They have fewer rights compared to Spartan women but enjoy more social freedom in private life.

This excerpt highlights the distinct lifestyles and roles of men and women in Athens and Sparta, reflecting their different values and societal structures.

Provenance: Anonymous, 5th century BCE, Description from a Greek historian’s account.