Athens vs Sparta: Democracy and Oligarchy in Ancient Greece

History
Year 9 / GCSE / Grade 8
8 questions
~16 mins
1 views0 downloads

About This Worksheet

This worksheet explores the contrasting political systems of Athens and Sparta through historical interpretations. Students will analyze different perspectives on democracy and oligarchy, compare historian views, and evaluate which interpretation is more convincing.

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Athens vs Sparta: Democracy and Oligarchy in Ancient Greece

Subject: HistoryGrade: Year 9 / GCSE / Grade 8
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Untitled Worksheet

Grade Year 9 / GCSE / Grade 8
A

Contrasting Historian Perspectives on Athens and Sparta

Historian A: Mary Beard – Political and Cultural Perspective

'Athens is often celebrated as the birthplace of democracy, where citizens actively participated in decision-making. However, this democracy was limited to free male citizens, excluding women, slaves, and foreigners. Athens' political system encouraged debate and innovation, fostering a vibrant cultural environment. Yet, critics argue that it also led to political instability and populism. Overall, Beard sees Athens' democracy as a pioneering but imperfect system that shaped modern political ideas.'

Historian B: Donald Kagan – Military and Social Perspective

'Sparta's oligarchic system was based on a rigid social structure and a focus on military strength. Power was concentrated among a small elite, and the system prioritized discipline and stability over political participation. Sparta's system suppressed dissent and discouraged debate, which contributed to its resilience but also its rigidity. Kagan views Sparta's government as effective for maintaining order and military dominance, but less open and innovative compared to Athens.'

1.
Summarize each historian's view on Athens' democracy and Sparta's oligarchy. (4 marks)
[4 marks]
2.
Explain why the two historians' views differ regarding Athens and Sparta. (5 marks)
[5 marks]
3.
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of Athens' democracy and Sparta's oligarchy as described by the historians. (6 marks)
[6 marks]
4.
Evaluate which historian's perspective on Athens and Sparta is more convincing and explain why. (6 marks)
[6 marks]
5.
Outline the main reasons why Athens and Sparta developed such different political systems. (4 marks)
[4 marks]
6.
Compare the role of the citizen in Athens and Sparta based on the historian summaries. (4 marks)
[4 marks]
7.
Analyse how the different political systems affected the societies of Athens and Sparta. (6 marks)
[6 marks]
8.
Explain which system you think was more effective for maintaining stability and justify your choice. (6 marks)
[6 marks]

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Details

Created
1/1/2026
Updated
1/1/2026
Type
worksheet