Athens vs Sparta: Significance & Factors in Democracy and Oligarchy

History
Year 9 / GCSE / Grade 8
9 questions
~18 mins
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Athens vs Sparta: Significance & Factors in Democracy and Oligarchy

Subject: HistoryGrade: Year 9 / GCSE / Grade 8
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Grade Year 9 / GCSE / Grade 8
A

Introduction to Athens and Sparta

Source A: Overview of Athens and Sparta

'Ancient Athens was known for developing the earliest form of democracy, where citizens could participate in decision-making. Sparta, on the other hand, was governed by a mixed system of oligarchy, with power held by a small group of elites and a rigid social structure.' Provenance: Summary from a textbook on Ancient Greece.

1.
Describe the political systems of Athens and Sparta. (3 marks)
[3 marks]
2.
Explain why Athens developed democracy and Sparta developed oligarchy. (4 marks)
[4 marks]
B

Factors Influencing the Political Systems

Source B: Political Factors

'Political stability and control were crucial. Athens’ desire for citizen participation promoted democratic reforms, while Sparta’s need to maintain strict control over its society reinforced oligarchic rule.' Provenance: Extract from a history textbook on Greek political development.

1.
Categorize the following factors as political, social, economic, or religious: - Desire for citizen participation - Military strength - Religious festivals - Wealth distribution
[4 marks]
2.
Compare the importance of political and social factors in shaping Athens and Sparta's governments. (6 marks)
[6 marks]
C

Economic Factors and Their Impact

Source C: Economic Influence

'Athens' economy based on trade and naval power encouraged openness and participation, while Sparta's economy relied on agriculture and forced labor, supporting a closed oligarchic system.' Provenance: Economic analysis from a history journal.

1.
Outline how economic factors influenced the political systems of Athens and Sparta. (4 marks)
[4 marks]
2.
Which economic factor was MORE significant in shaping Athens' political system? Justify your answer with evidence. (6 marks)
[6 marks]
D

Religious Factors and Their Role

Source D: Religious Influence

'Religious festivals and beliefs played a role in uniting citizens in Athens, promoting shared values. In Sparta, religion supported the militaristic and disciplined society.' Provenance: Religious studies overview from a history textbook.

1.
Explain how religious factors supported the political systems in Athens and Sparta. (4 marks)
[4 marks]
2.
Compare the significance of religious factors in Athens and Sparta's political development. (6 marks)
[6 marks]
E

Ranking and Justification

Based on the factors discussed, answer the following:

Question: Which factor was MORE significant in shaping Athens' democracy: Political, Economic, or Religious? Justify your choice with evidence.

1.
Rank the three factors (Political, Economic, Religious) in order of importance for Athens’ development. Explain your ranking with evidence. (8 marks)
[8 marks]

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Details

Created
1/1/2026
Updated
1/1/2026
Type
worksheet