Historian A: Patricia Crone – Economic Perspective "Patricia Crone argues that Baghdad under Harun al-Rashid was a thriving economic hub, driven by extensive trade networks and wealth from commerce. She emphasizes archaeological evidence of marketplaces, coinage, and infrastructural development, suggesting that the caliph’s policies promoted economic growth and prosperity. Crone views Baghdad as a center of wealth that attracted traders from across Asia and Europe, which contributed to its reputation as a wealthy, cosmopolitan city. Her interpretation highlights the importance of economic factors in understanding Baghdad’s significance during this period."

Historian B: Bernard Lewis – Social Perspective "Bernard Lewis contends that Baghdad under Harun al-Rashid was primarily a vibrant cultural and social center, characterized by intellectual flourishing, religious diversity, and social stability. He points to the flourishing of arts, sciences, and literature, as well as the coexistence of different religious communities. Lewis emphasizes that the social fabric of Baghdad was crucial to its identity, with a focus on the daily lives of its inhabitants and the cultural achievements of the period. His view suggests that the social and cultural aspects are key to understanding Baghdad’s importance in world history."

Note: This worksheet compares these contrasting perspectives to deepen understanding of historical interpretation and encourages critical thinking about sources.