Source: Historical overview of Baghdad c.900AD

'Baghdad, built in the 9th century, was designed as a perfect circle with a central palace and a fortified wall. It was a symbol of Abbasid power and innovative urban planning.' Provenance: Historical summary from a modern textbook on Islamic history.

Source: Timeline of Baghdad's development

'The city was founded around 762 AD by Caliph Al-Mansur. Construction of the city’s walls and main structures took approximately 10 years, completed by 772 AD.' Provenance: Excerpt from a historical chronicle.

Source: Analysis of Baghdad’s architectural layout

'The circular design allowed for better defense and easier management of the city’s districts. It also symbolized unity and the divine order.' Provenance: Academic analysis from an architecture journal.

Source: Comparing Baghdad to other ancient cities

'Unlike Rome or Constantinople, Baghdad’s circular plan was innovative for its time, emphasizing both aesthetics and strategic defense.' Provenance: Comparative analysis by a medieval historian.

Source: Modern assessment of Baghdad’s influence

'The City of Baghdad influenced later Islamic cities and inspired ideas about urban design that combined beauty, function, and symbolism.' Provenance: Modern urban studies publication.