Source A: Excerpt from a historical account

'By the early 10th century, Baghdad had become the world's greatest trading city, connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe through a network of roads and waterways.' Provenance: Historical summary from a 19th-century historian.

Source B: Timeline of Baghdad’s Trade Growth

• 762 AD: Foundation of Baghdad as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.
• 800 AD: Expansion of markets and trade routes.
• 900 AD: Baghdad becomes the leading trading city globally.
• 950 AD: Flourishing of trade in textiles, spices, and precious stones.

'The city’s prosperity was built on its strategic location and the Abbasid dynasty’s support of commerce.' Provenance: Modern historical analysis.

Source C: List of traded goods in Baghdad around 900AD

• Spices from India and Southeast Asia
• Silk from China
• Gold and silver from Africa
• Textiles and carpets from Persia

'Baghdad’s markets were filled with a variety of exotic goods, reflecting its role as a cultural melting pot.' Provenance: Historical trade records.

Source D: Modern analysis of Baghdad’s historical significance

'Baghdad’s role as a trading hub laid the foundation for its influence in world history, shaping economic and cultural exchanges for centuries.' Provenance: Contemporary historical commentary.