Source A: Medieval Warfare Text

'The shield wall was a common defensive formation used by armies in medieval Europe, designed to withstand enemy attacks and provide a united front during battle.' Provenance: Medieval warfare manual, 11th century.

Source B: Chronology of Events

• 9:00 am: Norman forces begin to deploy
• 9:15 am: Anglo-Saxon army forms a shield wall on Senlac Hill
• 9:30 am: Initial Norman attacks are repelled
• 10:30 am: Normans attempt a flanking maneuver
• 11:00 am: The shield wall holds despite heavy Norman pressure
• 11:30 am: Norman archers weaken the Anglo-Saxon defenses
• 1:00 pm: Normans break through the shield wall, leading to victory Provenance: Battle of Hastings official chronicle, 11th century.

Source C: Historian View

'The shield wall was both a symbol of Anglo-Saxon military discipline and a practical defensive tactic. Its failure at Hastings was due to Norman tactics and exhausted troops.' Provenance: Modern historian analysis, 20th century.

Source D: Summary

'While the shield wall was vital for the initial defense, its inability to adapt to Norman tactics contributed to the Anglo-Saxons’ defeat.' Provenance: Summarized historical analysis, 21st century.