Source A: Extract from a historian's analysis

'The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a surge in imperialist activity, driven by a combination of economic ambitions, political rivalries, and social ideologies. These factors intertwined to motivate nations to expand their influence across Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world.'

Provenance: Excerpt from a modern history textbook, 2018.

Source B: Extract from a business journal

'Industrialized nations sought new markets to sell their manufactured goods and secure raw materials like cotton, rubber, and oil to sustain their industries.'

Provenance: Business journal article, 2015.

Source C: Excerpt from a political speech

'Our nation must expand its influence to demonstrate strength and secure its place among world powers. Moreover, spreading our culture and ideas is a moral duty.'

Provenance: Speech by a government leader, 1905.

Source D: Modern historian's summary

'Imperialism was driven by a complex mix of economic needs, political ambitions, and social beliefs. Each factor reinforced the others, leading to the rapid expansion of imperial powers in the early 20th century.'

Provenance: Modern history review, 2019.