Historian A: John Smith – Economic Perspective

'The primary cause of imperialism was economic. European countries sought new markets for their goods and access to raw materials to fuel their industries. The competition for colonies was driven by economic interests, which led to the scramble for Africa and Asia. Imperialism was motivated by the desire to increase national wealth and power through economic gain.'

Historian B: Sarah Lee – Social Perspective

'Imperialism was driven mainly by social factors, including the desire to spread Western culture, religion, and values. Many Europeans believed they had a duty to civilize 'uncivilized' peoples. This sense of superiority motivated imperialists to expand their influence, often justified by social Darwinist ideas of racial superiority.'