Source A: Excerpt from a historian's overview

'Nationalism emerged as a powerful force in the early 20th century, driven by the desire of nations and ethnic groups to assert their identity and independence. It often led to both unification and division, shaping world events.'

Provenance: Modern history textbook, published 2015.

Source B: A political speech from a nationalist leader

'Our nation must rise and reclaim its rightful place among the free countries of the world. The strength of our culture and history demands independence.'

Provenance: Speech delivered at a political rally, 1914.

Source C: A historian's analysis

'The rise of nationalism in the early 20th century contributed to increased tensions between nations, culminating in conflicts such as the outbreak of World War I.'

Provenance: Scholarly article, published 2018.

Source D: A student's reflection

'Nationalism can unite people and give them a sense of identity, but it can also cause conflicts and divisions within and between countries.'

Provenance: Student essay, submitted 2020.