Historian A: John Smith – Economic Perspective "John Smith argues that the success of the Reds was primarily due to their effective mobilization of economic resources. He emphasizes the Reds' control over key industries and their ability to sustain a war effort through centralized economic planning. Smith believes that economic stability and resource management were crucial factors in their victory, as opposed to military strategy or popular support. He highlights how the Whites struggled with economic disorganization and lack of resource coordination, which hampered their effectiveness. Overall, Smith sees economic factors as the decisive element in the outcome of the Civil War."

Historian B: Maria Lopez – Social Perspective "Maria Lopez contends that the social support for the Reds was the main reason for their victory. She emphasizes the Reds' ability to rally the working class and peasantry through propaganda and promises of land and peace. Lopez argues that social motivation and ideological commitment played a more vital role than economic or military factors. She criticizes the Whites for their social divisions, lack of popular support, and failure to connect with the masses. Lopez believes that social cohesion and ideological loyalty were the key drivers behind the Reds' success."

Questions:

1. Summarize each historian's view on why the Reds won the Civil War. (4 marks) {