Historian A: Charles Beard – Economic Perspective "Charles Beard argues that the Articles of Confederation failed primarily because they did not support the economic interests of the emerging American elite. He emphasizes that the lack of a strong central government hindered economic development and protected state interests over national unity. Beard believes that the weaknesses of the Articles reflected the economic struggles of the time, which the Constitution later addressed by creating a more centralized economic system. His view highlights the importance of economic factors in shaping political structures."

Historian B: Gordon S. Wood – Social Perspective "Gordon S. Wood contends that the Articles of Confederation were inadequate because they did not foster a sense of national identity or unity among Americans. He emphasizes that the failure to create a cohesive social fabric and shared values led to political instability. Wood advocates that the weaknesses of the Articles were rooted in social divisions and lack of a unifying national ideology, which the Constitution aimed to remedy by fostering a stronger sense of American identity and civic unity."