Historian A: Mary Beard – Economic Perspective "Mary Beard argues that slavery was fundamental to the Roman economy. She states that slaves provided the labor necessary for agriculture, construction, and domestic work, which allowed Rome to flourish economically. According to her, slavery was a key component of Rome’s wealth and expansion, as it supplied cheap labor that boosted productivity and profits for landowners and traders. Beard emphasizes that the reliance on slavery shaped Roman economic policies and social structures, making it an indispensable part of Roman daily life and prosperity."

Historian B: Keith Hopkins – Social Perspective "Keith Hopkins contends that slavery in Rome was primarily a social institution that reinforced social hierarchies. He suggests that slaves were seen as property but also as a symbol of status for the wealthy. Hopkins points out that the treatment of slaves varied widely, and their role in everyday life reflected the social divisions of Roman society. He highlights that slavery contributed to social stability for some, but also created tensions and resistance among the enslaved population. Hopkins’ view emphasizes the social and cultural impact of slavery beyond its economic role."