Historian A: Gordon S. Wood – Political and Ideological Causes "Gordon S. Wood argues that the primary cause of the Declaration of Independence was the growing desire of American colonists to assert their political independence. He emphasizes the importance of Enlightenment ideas, such as liberty and self-governance, which inspired colonists to challenge British authority. According to Wood, economic grievances were secondary; instead, the colonists' identity as a separate political community motivated their push for independence. His view highlights the significance of ideological and political factors in shaping the decision to declare independence."

Historian B: Charles A. Beard – Economic Causes "Charles A. Beard contends that economic interests were the main drivers behind the Declaration. He suggests that wealthy colonists and landowners sought to protect their economic privileges and property rights from British restrictions. Beard argues that these economic motivations led to political actions, including the Declaration, as a means of securing economic independence and protecting property. His perspective emphasizes the material interests of elite groups as the foundation of revolutionary motives."

Read the following extract from the Declaration of Independence:

'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.'

Question: Explain the significance of these ideas in shaping American values. (4 marks)