Historian A: James Harris – Economic Perspective

"James Harris argues that the Book of the Dead primarily served as a tool for Egypt's economic elites. He suggests that access to the spells and rituals within the book was limited to the wealthy and powerful, making it a symbol of social hierarchy and economic privilege. Harris emphasizes that these texts reinforced the social stratification by giving the elite an advantage in the afterlife, which mirrored their status and wealth in life. This perspective highlights the material and societal benefits that the wealthy gained from religious texts like the Book of the Dead."

Historian B: Susan Carter – Social and Religious Perspective

"Susan Carter believes the Book of the Dead was a vital religious guide for all Egyptians, reflecting personal beliefs about the afterlife. She argues that the texts were accessible to a broader population and served as a moral and spiritual guide, helping individuals navigate the challenges of the afterlife. Carter emphasizes the importance of personal salvation, morality, and spiritual protection, viewing the Book of the Dead as a reflection of Egyptian religious values and social cohesion. Her interpretation underscores the spiritual significance over material benefits."