Oliver Cromwell was a key figure in the English Civil War, which was fought between the King and Parliament. His leadership and actions had lasting effects on England's history.

Source A: A contemporary account of Cromwell's rise

'Cromwell emerged as a powerful military leader, rallying the Parliament forces and challenging royal authority.' Provenance: Written by a Parliament supporter in 1650.

Cromwell's rise was driven by his military ability, his religious beliefs, and his opposition to the King’s policies. His leadership gained him respect among soldiers and Parliament supporters.

Source B: Cromwell addressing his troops

'We fight for the true religion and the liberties of England.' Provenance: Speech given during the Civil War, 1645.

After the Civil War, Cromwell became Lord Protector, ruling England as a republic. His leadership led to the abolition of the monarchy but also caused divisions and unrest.

Source C: A historian's view

'Cromwell's rule transformed England’s government but also sowed seeds of future conflict.' Provenance: Modern historian’s analysis, 2000.

Cromwell's period in power was a turning point, influencing ideas about governance and authority in England. His legacy remains debated by historians.

Source D: A modern historian's opinion

'Cromwell was a complex figure whose rule shaped the future of England, for better or worse.' Provenance: Published book, 2010.