Heracles, known for his incredible strength and heroic deeds, was one of the most important figures in Greek mythology. His stories were central to Greek culture, embodying ideals of strength, bravery, and perseverance. Various factors contributed to his lasting significance, including political alliances, religious worship, social values, and economic influences.

Source A: Ancient Greek Vase Depiction

A detailed vase painting showing Heracles performing one of his Twelve Labors, emphasizing his role as a hero and divine figure.

Provenance: A Greek vase from the 5th century BCE, depicting mythological scenes.

Below are different factors that contributed to Heracles' importance. Categorize each factor as either Political, Social, Economic, or Religious.

Factor 1: Heracles' role in uniting Greek city-states through shared mythology.
Factor 2: The worship of Heracles in temples across Greece, with festivals and rituals.
Factor 3: Heracles' stories being used to justify political power and alliances.
Factor 4: The economic benefits from festivals, sacrifices, and trade related to Heracles' worship.

Heracles was worshipped as a god, with temples and festivals dedicated to him. His stories reinforced religious beliefs about strength and divine intervention.

Source B: Heracles Temple Inscription

An ancient inscription dedicating a temple to Heracles, describing his divine qualities and the rituals performed in his honor.

Provenance: An inscription found in a Greek temple, dating to the 4th century BCE.

Consider the different factors that contributed to Heracles' importance. Which factor do you think was more significant: religious worship or political use of his stories? Justify your answer.

Source C: Heracles in Political Propaganda

A Greek political leader referencing Heracles to justify his conquest, claiming divine support.

Provenance: A speech transcript from a Greek orator, 4th century BCE.

Rank the four factors (Religious, Political, Social, Economic) in order of importance in making Heracles a central figure in Greek mythology. Justify your ranking with evidence.

Source D: Heracles' Role in Greek Identity

A Greek historian discusses Heracles as a symbol of strength and unity among city-states.

Provenance: A scholarly article from the 2nd century BCE.

Analyze how each of the four factors (Political, Social, Economic, Religious) contributed to Heracles' status in Greek mythology. Provide examples to support your analysis.

Source E: Heracles' Influence in Greek Art and Literature

A description of how Heracles appears in Greek art, poetry, and myth, emphasizing his diverse roles.

Provenance: An ancient Greek literary critique from the 3rd century BCE.