Historian A: Jane Smith – Economic Perspective

"Jane Smith argues that Mohenjo-Daro was primarily an economic hub, emphasizing its advanced urban planning and trade connections. She suggests that the city's sophisticated drainage system, standardized bricks, and large granaries indicate a centralized authority focused on economic stability and trade. Her view is supported by archaeological findings of storage facilities and craft industries, which highlight the city's role in regional trade networks and economic organization. Smith's interpretation stresses the importance of economic factors in understanding the city's development and decline."

Historian B: David Lee – Social Perspective

"David Lee believes that Mohenjo-Daro was mainly a social and cultural center, emphasizing the social stratification and cultural practices evident in the remains. He points to evidence of residential differences, public baths, and possible religious structures as indicators of complex social hierarchies and spiritual life. Lee argues that the social and religious aspects were central to the city's identity, shaping its development. His interpretation focuses on social cohesion, religion, and community life, contrasting with the economic emphasis of Smith."

Questions:

1. Summarize each historian's view of Mohenjo-Daro. (3 marks)
2. Explain why these two historians' views differ. (4 marks)
3. Compare which interpretation you find more convincing and justify your answer. (5 marks)
4. Outline how archaeological evidence supports either the economic or social perspective. (6 marks)
5. Analyze how the differing perspectives help us understand Mohenjo-Daro better. (6 marks)
6. Explain the importance of considering multiple interpretations when studying ancient history. (4 marks)
7. Which historian's view do you find more convincing and why? (5 marks)
8. How might new discoveries change our understanding of Mohenjo-Daro? (4 marks)
9. Discuss the strengths and limitations of relying on archaeological evidence to interpret Mohenjo-Daro. (6 marks)
10. Summarize what the differing interpretations tell us about the challenges of studying ancient civilizations. (4 marks)

Questions should be answered in full sentences, demonstrating clear understanding and analysis.