Historian A: John Thornton – Economic Perspective "John Thornton emphasizes the wealth and trade significance of the Obas, arguing that their power was primarily rooted in control of trade routes, resources, and economic influence. He suggests that the Obas used their wealth to strengthen their authority and expand their territory, making them central to Benin’s prosperity. Thornton views the Obas as shrewd economic leaders whose influence was based on material wealth and trade dominance, which reinforced their political power. This perspective highlights the importance of economic factors in understanding Oba authority."

Historian B: Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch – Social Perspective "Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch argues that the Obas' authority was mainly rooted in social and religious legitimacy. She emphasizes the sacred nature of the Oba's role, linking their power to spiritual authority, rituals, and divine right. According to her, the Obas maintained their rule through religious ceremonies and their relationship with the divine, which fostered loyalty and social cohesion. Coquery-Vidrovitch sees the Obas as spiritual leaders whose authority was reinforced by cultural and religious practices, rather than solely economic power."