Historian A: John Thornton – Economic Perspective

"Historian John Thornton argues that Portuguese trade significantly boosted Benin's economy. He highlights how the introduction of European goods and the gold trade increased wealth and led to the development of Benin's craft industries. Thornton emphasizes that trade established Benin as a powerful and wealthy kingdom, fostering economic growth and political stability. The Portuguese's role was largely positive, helping Benin to flourish through increased access to global markets."

Historian B: Nina M. B. – Social Perspective

"Historian Nina M. B. contends that Portuguese trade had detrimental social effects on Benin. She points out that it led to increased warfare, the disruption of local social structures, and the rise of a wealthy elite at the expense of the common people. She argues that trade contributed to social inequality and internal conflict, weakening traditional societal bonds. Her view stresses the negative social consequences of external trade influences.**