Historian A: George Williams – Economic Perspective "George Williams argues that trial by ordeal was primarily a tool used by medieval authorities to maintain social order and economic control. He suggests that the church and local lords supported these practices because they reinforced social hierarchies and reduced the challenge to their authority. Williams emphasizes that ordeal methods, such as fire or water tests, were less about determining guilt and more about demonstrating divine approval to uphold the existing social structure. His analysis highlights the role of economic and social stability over justice in medieval society."

Historian B: Margaret Carter – Social Perspective "Margaret Carter contends that trial by ordeal reflected the deep religious beliefs of medieval society, serving as a divine testing process to reveal guilt or innocence. She emphasizes that these practices were rooted in faith, with the belief that God's will was demonstrated through physical tests. Carter argues that ordeal was a genuine attempt by medieval people to seek divine justice, and it played a significant role in reinforcing religious authority and societal norms. Her view suggests that spiritual concerns were central to understanding why these methods persisted."