Benito Mussolini emerged as a key figure in Italy during the early 20th century. Following Italy's involvement in World War I, social unrest and economic instability created a fertile ground for new political ideologies. Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919, promoting nationalist and authoritarian ideas. His charismatic leadership and promises to restore Italy's greatness helped him gain support among disillusioned Italians.

The economic hardships following World War I, including inflation and unemployment, created dissatisfaction among Italians. Many blamed the existing government for Italy’s problems. Mussolini's use of propaganda, paramilitary groups like the Blackshirts, and promises to restore Italy’s strength appealed to national pride and fears of chaos.

Mussolini’s rule resulted in a totalitarian regime with significant social, political, and economic impacts. Italy became a one-party state, civil liberties were restricted, and propaganda was widespread. His alliance with Nazi Germany and involvement in World War II had lasting effects on Italy and the world.