Source A: Excerpt from a Roman history textbook

'Augustus, born Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor. His leadership marked the transition from Republic to Empire. Key terms associated with his reign include 'imperator', 'proconsul', 'praetorian guard', and 'restoration.' These words describe his power, military control, and political reforms.'

Provenance: Modern textbook excerpt, written by a reputable historian.

Source B: Excerpt from a history commentary

'Augustus implemented numerous reforms, including reorganizing the military, establishing a standing army, and reforming the tax system. These reforms helped secure peace and stability but also increased his control over Rome.'

Provenance: Modern historian's analysis, summarizing Augustus's policies.

Source C: Ancient Roman historian's view

'Augustus was a cunning ruler who maintained the appearance of traditional republican values while holding absolute power.'

Provenance: Ancient historian Suetonius, writing in the early 2nd century AD.

Source D: Brief summary from a textbook

'Augustus rose to power after Julius Caesar's assassination, forming the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus before ultimately defeating his rivals and becoming emperor.'

Provenance: Modern educational textbook.