Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna) was a Persian scholar who lived from 980 to 1037. His most famous work, the Canon of Medicine, was a comprehensive medical textbook that compiled knowledge from Greek, Roman, Indian, and Persian sources. It became the standard medical textbook in Europe and the Islamic world for centuries. Ibn Sina's work covered topics such as anatomy, pharmacology, and disease treatment, and emphasized the importance of observation and evidence-based medicine.

Source A: Excerpt from the Canon of Medicine

'The human body is a complex system, and understanding its functions requires careful observation. Medicine must be based on experience and rational thought, rather than superstition or guesswork.' Provenance: Translated excerpt from Ibn Sina's original work, 11th century.