Source A: Description of Shang Bronze Artifacts

"The artifacts uncovered from the Shang Dynasty reveal a society skilled in bronze casting. These objects include ritual vessels, weapons, and ornaments, often decorated with intricate designs. The bronzes were used in religious ceremonies and as symbols of power. The craftsmanship shows advanced techniques, with detailed patterns and inscriptions. The presence of large tombs and elaborate ritual items indicates a society with strong religious beliefs and social hierarchy. The artifacts suggest that bronze played a central role in Shang culture, both practically and spiritually. The discovery of these objects in royal tombs highlights their importance to the ruling elite. The use of bronze also reflects the technological advancements of the period, which allowed Shang artisans to produce complex and durable goods."* Provenance: Li Ming, 1985, archaeological report