Historian A: Li Wei – Economic Perspective "Li Wei argues that oracle bones were primarily used for economic purposes, such as predicting crop yields and managing resources. He suggests that their main function was to support the Shang state's economic stability and expansion. According to Li, the inscriptions on oracle bones often relate to weather patterns, harvest forecasts, and resource allocation, highlighting their role in economic planning rather than solely religious or political matters. This view emphasizes the practical and administrative importance of oracle bones in Shang society."

Historian B: Zhang Ming – Religious/Social Perspective "Zhang Ming views oracle bones as predominantly religious tools used to communicate with ancestors and deities. He emphasizes that the inscriptions often contain questions about divine will, health, and moral conduct, showing that their primary purpose was to maintain social order and religious piety. Zhang argues that oracle bones reinforced the divine right of Shang rulers and helped sustain the spiritual beliefs that underpinned their authority. This perspective highlights the spiritual and social significance of oracle bones in maintaining Shang society."