Source A: The Pope's Authority in the 15th Century

"The Pope is the supreme head of the Church, with authority over all kings and rulers. His decisions are divine and must be obeyed by all, including monarchs. The Pope can excommunicate rulers who oppose him, and his influence extends beyond spiritual matters to political affairs. During the 15th century, the Pope often intervened in the affairs of European nations to maintain the Church’s dominance and uphold its teachings. Many believed the Pope's authority was derived directly from God, making him the ultimate spiritual and political leader on Earth. This power was challenged at times, but overall, the Papacy maintained a significant hold over both religious and worldly leaders."* Provenance: Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa, 1450, church report