Historian A: Christopher Tyerman – Political and Religious Causes

"Tyerman argues that the main causes of the Crusades were rooted in political and religious motivations. He emphasizes the desire of European leaders to expand their influence and the Church's call to unite Christendom against external enemies. The papal reforms and the promise of spiritual rewards motivated many to join. Tyerman views the Crusades as a response to religious fervor and the need for political consolidation within Europe, which together created a compelling push for the expedition to the Holy Land."

Historian B: Jonathan Riley-Smith – Socio-economic Causes

"Riley-Smith suggests that economic and social factors played a crucial role in the Crusades. He highlights the lure of land, wealth, and new opportunities as fundamental drivers. The promise of land in the East and the chance for social advancement motivated many knights and common people. Riley-Smith emphasizes that economic gains and social mobility were significant motives, with the Crusades providing a way for the lower classes to improve their status and wealth."