Source A: The Crusades and their terminology

'The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. Key terms include: pilgrimage, jihad, knights, feudal system, and papal authority. Understanding these terms helps explain the motivations and actions during the Crusades.'

Provenance: Educational textbook excerpt from 'Medieval Europe and the Crusades', 2010.

Source B: The consequences of the Crusades

'The Crusades had a profound impact on Europe and Britain. They increased trade with the East, led to cultural exchanges, and strengthened the power of the papacy. However, they also caused lasting hostility between Christians and Muslims, and contributed to the decline of the Byzantine Empire.'

Provenance: History textbook summary, 2015.

'Some historians argue that the Crusades were a misguided religious conflict, while others see them as a catalyst for cultural exchange and European expansion.'

Provenance: Modern historical debate, 2012.

Source C: Key concepts revisited

'The terms 'crusade', 'pilgrimage', 'hajj', and 'feudal system' are central to understanding how medieval societies justified and supported the Crusades.'

Provenance: Teacher's guide, 2018.