The Significance and Factors of the Battle of Thermopylae

History
Year 9 / GCSE / Grade 8
7 questions
~14 mins
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The Significance and Factors of the Battle of Thermopylae

Subject: HistoryGrade: Year 9 / GCSE / Grade 8
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Untitled Worksheet

Grade Year 9 / GCSE / Grade 8
A

Introduction to the Battle of Thermopylae

Source A: Ancient Greek historian Herodotus

'The Greeks, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, made a stand at Thermopylae against the vastly larger Persian army. Their courage became a symbol of resistance.' Provenance: Herodotus, 'Histories', 5th century BC.

1.
Explain why the Battle of Thermopylae was significant in the context of the Persian Wars. (4 marks)
[4 marks]
2.
Compare the political factors that influenced the Greek decision to fight at Thermopylae. (5 marks)
[5 marks]
B

Factors Contributing to the Battle

Source B: Modern historian analysis

'The geography of Thermopylae, the social values of the Spartans, economic motivations, and religious beliefs all played roles in shaping Greek responses.' Provenance: Dr. Jane Smith, 'Histories of the Persian Wars', 2010.

1.
Categorize the following factors as Political, Social, Economic, or Religious: - Spartan pride and warrior culture - Persian desire for conquest and wealth - Greek religious beliefs about divine support - The strategic narrow pass at Thermopylae
[4 marks]
2.
Outline which factor you think was MORE significant in the Greek victory at Thermopylae and justify your answer with evidence. (6 marks)
[6 marks]
C

Analysis of the Factors

Source C: Modern analysis

'While military strategy was important, the cultural and political values of the Greeks, especially Spartan discipline and pride, played a central role in their willingness to fight.' Provenance: Professor Alan Brown, 'Ancient Greek Warfare', 2015.

1.
Analyse how social and religious factors influenced Greek bravery at Thermopylae. (5 marks)
[5 marks]
2.
Compare the impact of economic and political factors on the Greek decision to defend at Thermopylae. (5 marks)
[5 marks]
D

Conclusion and Reflection

Reflect on the various factors discussed and consider which you believe was the MOST important in determining the outcome of the Battle of Thermopylae. Support your opinion with evidence from the sources and your knowledge.

1.
Write a brief paragraph justifying the most important factor in the Greek success or failure at Thermopylae. (6 marks)
[6 marks]

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Details

Created
1/1/2026
Updated
1/1/2026
Type
worksheet