Historian A: James McPherson – The Strategic Military Perspective

"James McPherson argues that the Emancipation Proclamation was primarily a strategic move by President Lincoln to weaken the Confederacy's ability to sustain its war effort. He emphasizes that the proclamation aimed to undermine the Southern economy and military capacity by encouraging enslaved people to escape and join Union forces. McPherson suggests that Lincoln's decision was influenced more by military necessity than by moral considerations about slavery. This interpretation highlights the war's military objectives as the main driver behind emancipation."

Historian B: Eric Foner – The Moral and Social Perspective

"Eric Foner contends that the Emancipation Proclamation marked a fundamental shift towards moral justice and human rights. He emphasizes that Lincoln's decision was driven by a growing abolitionist sentiment and a desire to redefine the Union’s purpose as fighting not only for unity but also for the abolition of slavery. Foner highlights that emancipation was a transformative social act that aimed to change American society fundamentally, reflecting moral progress and the fight for equality."