Historian A: Richard J. Evans – Economic Stability Perspective

"Historian Evans argues that the Weimar Republic's 'Golden Years' from 1924 to 1929 were characterized by significant economic stability and growth. He highlights the success of the Dawes Plan and the introduction of new currency stabilizing the economy. Evans emphasizes that these measures reduced hyperinflation, increased foreign investment, and provided a period of relative prosperity for many Germans. He believes that economic recovery was the key feature of this period, which contributed to a sense of hope and improved living standards for the majority."

Historian B: Mary Fulbrook – Social Perspective

"Historian Fulbrook contends that despite economic improvements, the social fabric of Germany remained fragile during the Golden Years. She points out that unemployment persisted for many, and social divisions, including class and regional disparities, continued to cause unrest. Fulbrook emphasizes that the apparent prosperity was unevenly distributed, and many ordinary Germans still faced hardship. She argues that these social issues undermined the overall stability and longevity of the period, suggesting that economic indicators alone do not tell the full story of stability."

Questions:

1. Summarize each historian's view on the Weimar Republic's Golden Years. (4 marks)

• Marking: look for clear summaries of each historian's perspective, highlighting key points.
• Model answer: Historian A views the period as an era of economic stability and growth, largely due to effective financial measures, while Historian B argues that social issues such as unemployment and inequality persisted, undermining true stability.

2. Explain why the two historians' views differ. (6 marks)

• Marking: look for understanding of the different perspectives (economic vs social), and the reasons behind their interpretations.
• Model answer: The difference stems from their focus; Evans emphasizes economic recovery and macroeconomic stability, whereas Fulbrook highlights ongoing social problems and inequalities, which suggest that economic indicators do not fully reflect the social reality.

3. Compare the strengths of each historian's interpretation. (4 marks)

• Marking: look for analysis of the evidence used by each historian to support their view.
• Model answer: Evans's interpretation is strengthened by economic data showing growth and stability, while Fulbrook's view is supported by evidence of persistent social issues and disparities, providing a more nuanced picture.

4. Evaluate which historian's interpretation you find more convincing and justify your choice. (8 marks)

• Marking: look for critical evaluation, weighing economic data against social evidence, and reasoned judgment.
• Model answer: I find Fulbrook's interpretation more convincing because it considers the social context and acknowledges ongoing hardships faced by ordinary Germans, which economic indicators alone may overlook. This provides a more comprehensive understanding of the period's stability.

5. Outline why economic stability alone does not guarantee overall stability in a country. (4 marks)

• Marking: look for understanding of social, political, and cultural factors beyond economics.
• Model answer: Economic stability does not guarantee overall stability because social inequalities, political unrest, and cultural divisions can persist despite economic improvements, potentially leading to unrest or dissatisfaction.

6. Describe one way in which social issues could undermine economic stability during this period. (3 marks)

• Marking: look for specific examples such as unemployment, inequality, or unrest.
• Model answer: Persistent unemployment among the working class could lead to social unrest, which might threaten political stability and economic recovery.

7. Compare the period of 1924 to 1929 with earlier years in the Weimar Republic in terms of stability. (4 marks)

• Marking: look for knowledge of the earlier crises, hyperinflation, and the relative calm of the Golden Years.
• Model answer: Unlike the early years marked by hyperinflation, political unrest, and economic chaos, the Golden Years saw relative stability and growth, although underlying social issues remained.

8. Write a brief conclusion summarizing which interpretation offers a fuller understanding of the Golden Years. (4 marks)

• Marking: look for synthesis of both perspectives, recognizing the importance of economic and social factors.
• Model answer: Both interpretations are valuable; Evans highlights economic recovery, but Fulbrook reminds us that social issues persisted, so a comprehensive understanding requires considering both economic and social dimensions.