Question 1: What is the chemical name of the molecule that carries genetic information in humans?

Answer: DNA

Question 2: Which of the following best describes a gene?

Answer: A segment of DNA that codes for a trait

Question 3: In humans, how many pairs of chromosomes are typically found in a somatic cell?

Answer: 23 pairs

Question 4: Which term describes different versions of the same gene?

Answer: Alleles

Question 5: Explain what is meant by 'dominant' and 'recessive' alleles.

Answer: A dominant allele is expressed over a recessive allele when present; a recessive allele is only expressed when two copies are present.

Question 6: Which of the following is an example of a genetic trait?

Answer: Hair color

Question 7: Describe the difference between genotype and phenotype.

Answer: Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism; phenotype is the physical appearance resulting from the genotype.

Question 8: What is the probability that two heterozygous parents will have a child with a recessive trait?

Answer: 25% or 1 in 4

Question 9: Which process results in the formation of gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Answer: Meiosis

Question 10: Why are genetic variations important in a population?

Answer: Genetic variations increase the diversity of traits, which helps populations adapt to changing environments and survive diseases.