Question 1: Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor. It is measured in amperes (A).

Answer: Electric current is the rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor, measured in amperes (A).

Question 2: Explain how electric current is different from static electricity.

Answer: Electric current involves the continuous flow of charges in a circuit, whereas static electricity is the buildup of charges on surfaces without flow.

Question 1: What is the primary component needed for electric current to flow in a circuit?

Answer: A closed conducting path (circuit).

Question 2: List two factors that affect the amount of current in a circuit.

Answer: Voltage (potential difference) and resistance.

Question 1: A circuit has a voltage of 12V and a resistance of 4Ω. Calculate the current flowing through the circuit using Ohm's Law (I = V/R). Show your work.

Answer: I = V / R = 12V / 4Ω = 3A

Question 2: If the current in a wire is 5A and the resistance is 2Ω, what is the voltage across the wire? (Use V = IR).

Answer: V = IR = 5A × 2Ω = 10V

Question 1: Identify two variables that can be changed in an experiment to observe their effect on current.

Answer: Voltage and resistance.

Question 2: List two safety precautions that should be followed when working with electrical circuits.

Answer: Ensure circuits are powered off before assembly and avoid touching live wires.

Question 1: A scenario describes a circuit where increasing the voltage from 6V to 12V while keeping resistance constant causes the current to double. Explain this observation.

Answer: According to Ohm's Law, I = V/R. Doubling the voltage while resistance remains constant results in doubling the current, illustrating the proportional relationship between voltage and current.

Question 1: Describe how the resistance of a wire affects the current flowing through it when a constant voltage is applied. Include in your answer the relevant scientific principles.

Answer: When the resistance of a wire increases, the current flowing through it decreases, assuming the voltage remains constant. This is explained by Ohm's Law (I = V/R); as resistance (R) increases, the current (I) decreases proportionally. Materials with higher resistance impede charge flow more, reducing current.

Question 1: Explain how current is managed and controlled in household wiring and why it is important for safety.

Answer: Current in household wiring is controlled by circuit breakers and fuses, which prevent excessive current that could cause overheating and fires. Proper wiring and insulation ensure safe operation and protect users from electric shocks.