Question 1: Define the term 'IV characteristics' in the context of electrical components.

Answer: IV characteristics describe the relationship between the voltage across a component and the current flowing through it.

Question 2: Explain why the IV characteristic of a resistor is a straight line passing through the origin.

Answer: Because the resistor obeys Ohm's law, where voltage is directly proportional to current, resulting in a linear IV graph passing through the origin.

Question 3: Identify which component typically shows a non-linear IV characteristic, and briefly justify why.

Answer: A diode typically shows a non-linear IV characteristic because it allows current to flow easily in one direction but restricts it in the opposite, resulting in a curve.

Question 4: Describe how the IV characteristic of a filament lamp differs from that of an ohmic resistor.

Answer: The filament lamp's IV characteristic is non-linear, showing increasing resistance as temperature rises with current, resulting in a curved graph that flattens at higher voltages, unlike the straight line of an ohmic resistor.

Question 5: State one safety consideration when testing IV characteristics of components.

Answer: Ensure the circuit is switched off before connecting or disconnecting components to prevent electric shocks or damage.

Question 6: Which SI units are used for voltage and current in IV characteristic experiments?

Answer: Voltage is measured in volts (V) and current in amperes (A).

Question 7: Fill in the blank: In an IV graph for an ohmic resistor, the relationship between voltage (V) and current (I) can be expressed as V = ________ × I.

Answer: R

Question 8: Identify the main variable that affects the shape of the IV characteristic curve of a diode.

Answer: The main variable is the voltage applied across the diode, which determines whether it is in forward or reverse bias.

Question 9: Explain how temperature influences the IV characteristic of a filament lamp.

Answer: As temperature increases, the resistance of the filament lamp also increases, causing a non-linear IV curve where voltage increases more slowly with current at higher currents.

Question 10: Describe a simple experiment to investigate the IV characteristics of a resistor.

Answer: Set up a circuit with a power supply, a resistor, an ammeter, and a voltmeter. Vary the voltage across the resistor in small steps and record the current at each step. Ensure safety by turning off the power supply before changing connections. Plot the voltage versus current data to observe the linear relationship characteristic of ohmic conductors.