Question 1: Explain what is meant by IV characteristics of an electrical component.

Answer: IV characteristics describe how the current flowing through a component varies with the voltage applied across it, typically represented as a graph showing the relationship between current (I) and voltage (V).

Question 2: Why are IV curves important in understanding electrical components?

Answer: IV curves help determine the behavior of components under different voltages, identify their resistance, and assess whether they are ohmic or non-ohmic devices.

Question 1: Define resistance and state its unit of measurement.

Answer: Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit, measured in ohms (Ω).

Question 2: Describe the difference between ohmic and non-ohmic components with regard to their IV characteristics.

Answer: Ohmic components have a linear IV curve, meaning current is directly proportional to voltage, following Ohm's Law. Non-ohmic components have a non-linear IV curve, indicating their resistance changes with voltage or current.

Question 1: A resistor has a resistance of 220 ohms. What is the current flowing when a voltage of 11 volts is applied? (Use Ohm's Law: I = V / R)

Answer: 0.05 A

Question 2: If a device exhibits a current of 0.2 A when 10 V is applied across it, what is its resistance? Show your calculation.

Answer: Resistance R = V / I = 10 V / 0.2 A = 50 Ω

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to study the IV characteristics of a resistor. Include the variables you would control and measure, and safety precautions.

Answer: To study IV characteristics, connect a resistor in a circuit with a variable power supply. Vary the voltage in small steps and record the current using an ammeter. Control variables such as temperature and ensure connections are secure. Safety precautions include disconnecting power when adjusting connections and avoiding short circuits.

Question 1: A component shows the following voltage-current data: At 2 V, the current is 0.01 A; at 4 V, 0.02 A; at 6 V, 0.03 A; at 8 V, 0.04 A. What can you infer about this component's resistance and whether it is ohmic or non-ohmic?

Answer: The current increases proportionally with voltage, indicating a constant resistance of approximately 200 ohms. The linear relationship shows the component is ohmic.

Question 1: A lamp connected to a 120 V power supply draws a current of 0.5 A. Calculate the resistance of the lamp. Show all steps in your calculation.

Answer: Resistance R = V / I = 120 V / 0.5 A = 240 Ω

Question 2: Explain the significance of the slope of an IV curve for an electrical component.

Answer: The slope of an IV curve represents the resistance of the component; a steeper slope indicates lower resistance, while a flatter slope indicates higher resistance. For ohmic devices, the slope is constant, reflecting a linear relationship, whereas for non-ohmic devices, the slope varies, indicating changing resistance with voltage or current.

Question 1: Describe how understanding IV characteristics is important in designing electronic devices such as smartphones or computers.

Answer: IV characteristics help engineers select appropriate components by understanding how they behave under different voltages and currents, ensuring safety, efficiency, and reliability of electronic devices.