Question 1: Define IV characteristics in the context of electrical circuits.

Answer: IV characteristics describe how the current (I) flowing through a component varies with the voltage (V) across it, typically represented as a graph showing the relationship.

Question 2: Explain the difference in the IV characteristics between a resistor and a filament bulb.

Answer: A resistor shows a linear IV graph indicating constant resistance, while a filament bulb shows a non-linear graph where resistance increases with temperature, affecting current flow.

Question 1: What is the role of a voltmeter when measuring IV characteristics?

Answer: A voltmeter measures the voltage across a component in a circuit, which is essential for plotting IV characteristics.

Question 2: Describe how resistors with different resistances affect their IV graphs.

Answer: Resistors with higher resistance have flatter IV curves (less current for a given voltage), while lower resistance resistors have steeper curves indicating higher current.

Question 1: A resistor has a resistance of 10 ohms. Calculate the current flowing through it when a voltage of 20 volts is applied. (Use Ohm's Law: I = V/R)

Answer: 2 amperes

Question 2: If a filament bulb has a voltage of 12V and the current flowing through it is 0.5A, what is its resistance?

Answer: 24 ohms

Question 1: Describe an experiment to plot the IV characteristics of a resistor. Include the variables to be controlled and safety precautions.

Answer: Set up a circuit with a power supply, resistor, ammeter, and voltmeter. Vary the voltage gradually and record the current at each step. Control variables: resistor value, temperature. Safety precautions: avoid short circuits, do not exceed maximum voltage rating, disconnect power before adjustments.

Question 1: A student measures the current through a resistor at different voltages. The data shows that at 2V, the current is 0.2A; at 4V, 0.4A; at 6V, 0.6A; and at 8V, 0.8A. What can be inferred about the resistance of this resistor?

Answer: The current increases proportionally with voltage, indicating a constant resistance of approximately 10 ohms (using R = V/I).

Question 1: Explain how understanding IV characteristics is important in designing electronic devices like smartphones or computers.

Answer: IV characteristics help engineers select components with appropriate resistance and behavior under different voltages, ensuring devices operate safely, efficiently, and reliably.