Question 1: Define the term 'IV characteristic' in the context of electrical components.

Answer: An IV characteristic describes the relationship between the current flowing through a component and the voltage across it.

Question 2: Explain why the IV curve for a resistor is a straight line passing through the origin.

Answer: Because the resistor obeys Ohm's law, where current is directly proportional to voltage, resulting in a linear relationship.

Question 1: What is meant by 'ohmic' behaviour in electrical components?

Answer: Ohmic behaviour refers to components that follow Ohm's law, showing a linear IV relationship where current is proportional to voltage.

Question 2: Describe how the IV characteristic of a filament bulb differs from that of a resistor.

Answer: A filament bulb's IV curve is non-linear, typically showing increasing resistance at higher voltages, causing the curve to bend away from a straight line.

Question 1: A resistor has a resistance of 10 ohms. Calculate the current flowing when a voltage of 20 volts is applied. (Use I = V / R)

Answer: I = 20 V / 10 Ω = 2 A

Question 2: An LED shows a current of 0.02 A at a voltage of 2 volts. What is its approximate resistance at this point? (Use R = V / I)

Answer: R = 2 V / 0.02 A = 100 Ω

Question 1: List three variables that need to be controlled during an experiment to measure IV characteristics accurately.

Answer: The current, voltage, and temperature of the component.

Question 2: Describe a basic safety precaution that should be followed when conducting experiments involving electrical circuits.

Answer: Ensure the circuit is disconnected before making adjustments to prevent electric shock or short circuits.

Question 1: A component shows an increase in current as voltage increases, but the rate of increase diminishes at higher voltages. What does this indicate about the component?

Answer: This suggests the component has a non-ohmic, non-linear IV characteristic, such as a diode or filament bulb where resistance increases with temperature.

Question 2: A device’s IV curve is observed to be a straight line passing through the origin. What can you infer about the resistance of this device?

Answer: The resistance remains constant; the device is ohmic, following Ohm's law.

Question 1: Explain how understanding the IV characteristics of a thermistor is useful in temperature sensing devices.

Answer: Thermistors have resistance that varies with temperature; their IV characteristics allow accurate temperature measurement and control in electronic circuits.

Question 2: Describe a practical example where IV characteristics are crucial in the design of electronic devices such as smartphones.

Answer: In smartphones, IV characteristics of components like diodes and transistors are essential for controlling current flow, signal processing, and ensuring device safety and efficiency. Understanding these curves helps engineers design circuits that function reliably under varying voltages and currents.