Question 1: Define ultraviolet (UV) radiation and explain one danger it poses to human health.

Answer: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light. It can cause skin burns and increase the risk of skin cancer.

Question 2: Describe one safety measure to protect your eyes when working near strong infrared (IR) sources.

Answer: Wearing appropriate eye protection such as safety goggles or shields that block IR radiation.

Question 3: Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest energy per photon: radio waves, visible light, or gamma rays?

Answer: Gamma rays

Question 4: Fill in the blank: Microwaves used in cooking can cause heating of body tissues if improperly exposed, leading to ________ damage.

Answer: thermal

Question 5: Explain why X-rays are considered dangerous and what safety precautions are typically used during X-ray imaging.

Answer: X-rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves that can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risk of cancer. Safety precautions include lead shields, limiting exposure time, and using protective barriers.

Question 6: Calculate the energy of a photon of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 300 nm. (Use the formula E = hc/λ, where h = 6.626 x 10^-34 Js, c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s).

Answer: E = (6.626 x 10^-34 Js)(3.00 x 10^8 m/s) / (300 x 10^-9 m) = 6.626 x 10^-19 Joules

Question 7: Identify two industries or technologies that utilize microwave radiation and discuss one safety concern associated with each.

Answer: Microwave ovens are used in home cooking, with safety concerns including exposure to microwave radiation if the device is damaged. Satellite communications use microwaves, with concerns about interference and exposure to high-powered signals.

Question 8: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate that UV light can cause a material to fluoresce. Include safety precautions.

Answer: Expose a fluorescent material, such as a white cloth or mineral, to UV light in a dark room. The material should glow visibly. Safety precautions include wearing UV protective glasses and avoiding direct skin exposure to UV light.

Question 9: Based on data, a certain infrared source causes a temperature increase of 5°C in exposed skin after 10 seconds. What safety measure should be taken?

Answer: Use protective shields, limit exposure time, and wear IR protective gloves or clothing.

Question 10: Explain why gamma rays are used in cancer treatment despite their dangers.

Answer: Gamma rays are used in cancer treatment because their high energy can destroy cancerous cells. The benefits of targeting and destroying tumors outweigh the risks, which are managed with precise control and shielding.