Question 1: Define a non-renewable energy resource and give two examples.

Answer: A non-renewable energy resource is a resource that cannot be replenished at the same rate it is consumed. Examples include coal and oil.

Question 2: Explain how fossil fuels release energy when burned.

Answer: Fossil fuels release energy through combustion, where chemical energy is converted into thermal energy and light as they react with oxygen.

Question 1: A coal-fired power station generates 500 MW of power. If it operates continuously for 24 hours, calculate the total energy produced in gigajoules (GJ). (Use the formula: Energy = Power × Time; 1 MW = 10^6 W, 1 hour = 3600 seconds).

Answer: 432 GJ

Question 2: A nuclear power plant has an efficiency of 33%. If it produces 300 GJ of electrical energy, what is the total thermal energy input required? (Use: Efficiency = Useful energy output / Total energy input).

Answer: 909.09 GJ

Question 1: Outline the variables involved, safety precautions, and steps you would take in a theoretical experiment to measure the efficiency of a coal-fired boiler.

Answer: Variables include input energy (mass of coal, calorific value), output energy (thermal energy transferred to water). Precautions involve handling hot equipment safely, ensuring proper ventilation, and avoiding inhalation of fumes. Steps involve measuring the mass of coal burned, recording temperature changes in water, and calculating efficiency using the energy transfer and calorific value.

Question 1: A report states that a certain oil refinery produces 2 million barrels of oil annually. If each barrel contains approximately 159 litres of oil and the energy content of crude oil is about 6.1 MJ per litre, estimate the total energy stored in the annual production in gigajoules (GJ).

Answer: 1,944,780 GJ

Question 1: Discuss the environmental impacts of relying on non-renewable energy resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Include at least three impacts in your answer.

Answer: Impacts include air pollution from emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change, and environmental degradation from mining activities, such as habitat destruction and water pollution.

Question 2: Which of the following is a disadvantage of using nuclear power as a non-renewable energy source? A) Produces greenhouse gases B) Produces radioactive waste C) Is abundant and renewable D) Has no safety concerns

Answer: B) Produces radioactive waste