Question 1: Define renewable energy and explain why it is considered sustainable.

Answer: Renewable energy is energy sourced from natural processes that are replenished constantly, such as sunlight, wind, and water. It is considered sustainable because it does not deplete over time and produces minimal environmental impact.

Question 1: Describe how a solar panel converts sunlight into electrical energy.

Answer: A solar panel uses photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight directly into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect.

Question 2: Explain the process by which wind turbines generate electricity.

Answer: Wind turbines use the kinetic energy of moving air to turn blades connected to a generator, producing electrical energy.

Question 1: A country’s wind farm has an average power output of 150 MW during winter and 100 MW during summer. Explain possible reasons for this variation.

Answer: The variation could be due to higher wind speeds in winter, increased energy demand, or seasonal changes affecting wind patterns.

Question 2: A hydroelectric dam provides 2000 GWh of electricity annually. If the dam operates 365 days a year, what is its average daily energy production in MWh?

Answer: 2000 GWh ÷ 365 days = approximately 5.48 GWh per day; 5.48 GWh = 5480 MWh.

Question 1: Identify two advantages of using renewable energy sources over fossil fuels.

Answer: Renewable energy sources are sustainable and produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions.

Question 2: Which renewable energy technology is most suitable for providing electricity in remote rural areas? Justify your answer.

Answer: Solar panels are most suitable because they can be installed independently without the need for extensive infrastructure, making them effective in remote rural areas.

Question 1: Design a basic experiment to compare the efficiency of wind turbines of different blade sizes. Include variables to control and safety precautions.

Answer: Set up wind turbines with varying blade sizes under similar wind conditions. Control variables include wind speed, turbine height, and placement. Measure electrical output over a fixed period. Safety precautions include ensuring secure mounting, avoiding contact with moving blades, and operating in safe weather conditions.

Question 1: Discuss how advancements in tidal and wave energy could contribute to renewable energy supplies in coastal regions.

Answer: Advancements in tidal and wave energy technologies could harness the predictable movement of ocean waters to generate electricity, providing a reliable and consistent renewable energy source for coastal regions, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions.