Question 1: Define renewable energy resources and give two examples relevant to sports science.

Answer: Renewable energy resources are energy sources that can be replenished naturally within a short time. Examples include solar power used in sports stadiums and wind energy for outdoor sports facilities.

Question 2: Explain how chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy in a cyclist riding a bike.

Answer: Chemical energy stored in the bicycle's fuel or the cyclist's muscles is converted into mechanical energy through metabolic processes in muscles, enabling the cyclist to pedal and move forward.

Question 1: A sprinter uses 600 Joules of chemical energy to run 100 meters. If the efficiency of energy conversion is 25%, how much useful mechanical energy is produced?

Answer: 150 Joules

Question 2: A tennis player hits the ball with a racquet that has a kinetic energy of 50 Joules. If the racquet's mass is 0.5 kg, what is its velocity during the hit? (Use KE = 0.5 * m * v^2)

Answer: v = sqrt(2*KE/m) = sqrt(2*50/0.5) = sqrt(200) ≈ 14.14 m/s

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to compare the energy efficiency of different types of sports shoes during running. Mention the variables you would control and measure.

Answer: The experiment involves measuring the energy expenditure of runners wearing different shoes over a set distance, controlling variables like runner weight, running speed, and surface. Measure energy consumption via oxygen intake or caloric burn and compare efficiency based on energy used per distance.

Question 2: List safety precautions to consider when using electric devices powered by renewable energy sources in sports facilities.

Answer: Ensure proper insulation, avoid overloading circuits, use grounded outlets, and regularly inspect electrical equipment for damage to prevent shocks or fires.

Question 1: During a marathon, the total energy expenditure of runners shifted from primarily chemical energy to stored kinetic energy in their muscles. Describe how energy transfer occurs during this process.

Answer: As runners move, chemical energy in muscles is converted into mechanical energy, increasing kinetic energy. Some energy is lost as heat due to metabolic processes, but overall, chemical energy powers the movement, transferring to kinetic energy in the legs and body.

Question 1: Describe how solar energy can be utilized to power outdoor sports facilities and discuss its advantages over traditional energy sources.

Answer: Solar energy can be harnessed using photovoltaic panels installed on sports stadium roofs or nearby land to generate electricity for lighting, scoreboards, and other equipment. Advantages include renewable and clean energy, reducing carbon footprint, and long-term cost savings despite initial installation costs.

Question 2: Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy being used in sports? A) Solar panel; B) Wind turbine; C) A moving football; D) Chemical batteries.

Answer: C) A moving football

Question 1: Explain how the trend towards renewable energy sources can influence the design and operation of future sports stadiums.

Answer: Future sports stadiums may incorporate solar panels, wind turbines, and energy-efficient technologies to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower operational costs, and promote environmental sustainability, aligning with global energy trends.

Question 2: Identify a recent technological advancement in energy use that has improved athletic performance or training in sports science.

Answer: The development of wearable energy-harvesting devices that generate electricity from body movements, providing power for sensors and monitoring equipment, has improved training analysis and athlete performance.