Question 1: Define gravitational potential energy (GPE).

Answer: GPE is the energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field, typically relative to a reference point.

Question 2: Explain how the height of an object affects its GPE.

Answer: The higher an object is above the reference point, the greater its GPE because GPE is proportional to height.

Question 1: A 50 kg object is lifted to a height of 10 meters. Calculate its GPE.

Answer: 4900 Joules

Question 2: If the same object is raised to a height of 25 meters, what is its GPE?

Answer: 12250 Joules

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate how height affects GPE. Include the variables you would control and safety precautions.

Answer: An experiment could involve lifting objects of different masses to the same height and measuring the work done or energy transferred. Variables to control include the height and mass. Safety precautions include ensuring the object is securely held during lifting to prevent dropping, and using appropriate lifting techniques to avoid injury.

Question 1: A crane lifts a 2000 kg load to a height of 15 metres. Calculate the GPE stored in the load. How could this energy be utilised in industry?

Answer: GPE = 2000 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 15 m = 294,000 Joules. This energy can be used to power machinery or stored for later use in lifts or cranes.

Question 1: Explain how the GPE of an object changes when it is dropped from a certain height, and discuss how energy conservation applies in this context. (6 marks)

Answer: When an object is dropped, its GPE decreases as it loses height, converting into kinetic energy. At the point of impact, GPE is nearly zero, and all the initial GPE has been transformed into kinetic energy. Energy conservation states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed, which explains the conversion from GPE to kinetic energy during the fall.

Question 1: Describe how GPE is utilised in hydroelectric power stations. Why is height an important factor in their design?

Answer: In hydroelectric power stations, water stored at a height has GPE, which is converted into kinetic energy as it flows down through turbines. The height (head) determines the potential energy available, making it crucial for generating electricity efficiently.