Question 1: Define gravitational potential energy (GPE).

Answer: GPE is the energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field, calculated as GPE = mgh.

Question 2: Explain how the height of an object affects its GPE.

Answer: GPE increases as the height of the object increases because GPE = mgh, so higher positions mean more energy stored.

Question 1: A mass of 10 kg is lifted to a height of 5 meters. What is its GPE? (Use g = 9.8 m/s²)

Answer: GPE = 10 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 5 m = 490 Joules

Question 2: An object with a mass of 2 kg has a GPE of 196 Joules when raised. To what height was it lifted? (g = 9.8 m/s²)

Answer: h = GPE / (m × g) = 196 J / (2 kg × 9.8 m/s²) = 10 m

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate the relationship between height and GPE.

Answer: Lift a small object to different heights and release it to observe the energy transfer. Ensure the area is clear and handle objects carefully to prevent injury.

Question 2: Identify two variables that must be controlled in this experiment to ensure valid results.

Answer: Mass of the object and the surface on which it is released.

Question 1: A 5 kg object is lifted to 8 meters and has a GPE of 392 Joules. When lifted to 12 meters, what is its GPE? Assume g = 9.8 m/s².

Answer: GPE at 12 m = 5 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 12 m = 588 Joules

Question 2: Explain how the GPE changes as the height increases based on the data provided.

Answer: GPE increases proportionally with height; when height increases from 8 m to 12 m, GPE increases from 392 J to 588 J, showing direct proportionality.

Question 1: Explain how the concept of GPE is utilised in the design of roller coasters.

Answer: Roller coasters are designed so that the highest point gives maximum GPE, which is then converted into kinetic energy as the coaster descends, providing momentum and speed.

Question 2: Describe one safety precaution that must be considered when lifting heavy objects to a high position to avoid accidents.

Answer: Use appropriate lifting equipment and secure the load properly to prevent it from falling and causing injury.

Question 1: A crane lifts a 15,000 kg building component to a height of 20 meters. Calculate the GPE stored in the component and discuss the energy transformations involved during lifting and lowering.

Answer: GPE = 15,000 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 20 m = 2,940,000 Joules. During lifting, electrical energy is converted into GPE and some heat due to friction. When lowering, GPE is converted back into kinetic energy, which can be harnessed or dissipated as heat.