Question 1: Define gravitational potential energy (GPE).

Answer: GPE is the energy stored in an object due to its position relative to a reference point, usually the ground, and depends on its mass, height, and the gravitational field.

Question 2: Explain how a consumer product like a retractable pen uses GPE during its operation.

Answer: When the pen is held at a height, it stores GPE. As it is released, the GPE is converted into kinetic energy, enabling the pen to extend or retract.

Question 1: A smartphone with a weight of 200 grams is stored on a shelf 1.5 meters high. Calculate the GPE stored in the phone relative to the ground. (Use g = 9.8 m/s².)

Answer: 0.294 J

Question 2: A toy drone has a mass of 250 grams. If it is lifted to a height of 3 meters, what is its GPE? (g = 9.8 m/s².)

Answer: 0.735 J

Question 1: Outline the steps to safely lift and measure the GPE of a small electronic device at various heights. Include key variables to control and safety considerations.

Answer: Secure the device with a non-slip grip, use a stable platform or ladder to lift it to different heights, and ensure hands are dry and free from liquids. Variables to control include the mass of the device, the height lifted, and the gravitational field. Record the height and mass accurately. Always wear safety gloves if necessary and ensure the lifting area is clear of obstacles.

Question 1: A portable speaker weighs 500 grams and is stored at a height of 2 meters in a consumer electronics store. Calculate its GPE. If the store plans to lower the speaker to 1 meter for display, what is the change in GPE?

Answer: Initial GPE: 9.8 × 0.5 × 2 = 1.0 J; Final GPE: 9.8 × 0.5 × 1 = 0.5 J; Change in GPE: 1.0 J - 0.5 J = 0.5 J

Question 1: Explain how understanding GPE is important in designing consumer products such as elevators or vertical storage units. Include considerations of safety, energy efficiency, and user convenience.

Answer: Understanding GPE helps engineers design systems that safely store and transfer energy when lifting or lowering objects. For elevators, minimizing unnecessary GPE losses improves energy efficiency, reducing electricity consumption. Safety involves ensuring that objects are securely stored at heights to prevent accidents. For vertical storage units, considering GPE allows for the design of mechanisms that safely handle heavy loads, reducing risk to users and ensuring operational efficiency. Proper calculation of GPE also aids in selecting appropriate materials and safety features.

Question 1: Describe how gravitational potential energy is involved in the functioning of a robotic vacuum cleaner with a retractable arm or lift mechanism.

Answer: The vacuum uses GPE when lifting its arm or components to a certain height. This stored energy can be released to power movement or adjust the arm's position, aiding in cleaning tasks. GPE enables precise control of the arm's motion, improving efficiency and functionality.