Question 1: Define braking distance and explain its significance in vehicle safety.

Answer: Braking distance is the distance a vehicle travels from the moment the brakes are applied until it comes to a complete stop. It is significant because it affects overall stopping distance and safety.

Question 2: List three factors that influence the braking distance of a vehicle.

Answer: Speed of the vehicle, condition of the braking system and tires, and road surface friction.

Question 3: Which of the following best describes the relationship between initial speed and braking distance? A) Braking distance decreases as speed increases B) Braking distance stays the same regardless of speed C) Braking distance increases as speed increases

Answer: C

Question 4: Fill in the blank: The formula to estimate braking distance (d) when initial speed (v) and deceleration (a) are known is ____.

Answer: d = v^2 / (2a)

Question 5: Explain why increasing the friction between tires and the road reduces braking distance.

Answer: Increasing friction between tires and the road enhances the grip, allowing the tires to exert greater force against the road without slipping. This increased grip results in a higher deceleration rate, thereby reducing the braking distance.

Question 6: During an experiment, a car traveling at 20 m/s takes 4 seconds to stop after applying brakes. Calculate the approximate braking distance assuming constant deceleration.

Answer: Using the formula d = v * t / 2, the average deceleration is v / t = 20 / 4 = 5 m/s^2. Then, braking distance d = v * t / 2 = 20 * 4 / 2 = 40 meters.

Question 7: Identify two safety precautions that should be taken when conducting experiments related to braking distances.

Answer: Ensure the testing area is clear of obstacles and use safety barriers or equipment to prevent accidents if the vehicle stops unexpectedly.

Question 8: Describe how the condition of the vehicle's tires affects braking distance.

Answer: Worn or damaged tires have less grip on the road surface, increasing the braking distance because they cannot generate enough friction for effective deceleration.

Question 9: A vehicle traveling at 30 m/s has a braking distance of 90 meters. If the vehicle's speed is increased to 45 m/s, what is the expected braking distance assuming all other factors remain constant? (Show your reasoning.)

Answer: Since braking distance is proportional to the square of the initial speed, (d2 / d1) = (v2 / v1)^2 = (45 / 30)^2 = (1.5)^2 = 2.25. Therefore, new braking distance = 90 * 2.25 = 202.5 meters.

Question 10: How does the type of road surface influence braking distance? Provide two examples.

Answer: Smooth, dry asphalt provides high friction, reducing braking distance, while wet or icy surfaces decrease friction, increasing braking distance.

Question 11: In your own words, describe how understanding braking distance helps in designing safer vehicles and roads.

Answer: Understanding braking distance allows engineers to improve brake systems, tire design, and road surfaces to minimize stopping distances. It also informs speed limits and safety features, helping to prevent accidents and save lives by ensuring vehicles can stop safely within available distances.