Question 1: Reaction time is the interval between perceiving a stimulus and initiating a response. It is a crucial factor in activities such as driving, where quick responses can prevent accidents.

Answer: Reaction time is the period between perceiving a stimulus and starting a response; it affects how quickly a person can react in situations like driving.

Question 1: Define reaction time in the context of physics.

Answer: Reaction time is the duration between detecting a stimulus and beginning a physical response.

Question 2: Explain why reaction time can vary between individuals.

Answer: Reaction time varies due to factors such as age, fatigue, alertness, alcohol consumption, and familiarity with the stimulus.

Question 3: Describe one method used to measure reaction time in a laboratory setting.

Answer: One method involves using a computer or specialised apparatus where a stimulus appears, and the time taken for the participant to respond with a button press is recorded.

Question 1: A driver reacts to a hazard with a reaction time of 0.75 seconds. If the vehicle is travelling at 20 metres per second, what is the reaction distance? (Use the formula: Reaction Distance = Reaction Time × Speed).

Answer: 15 metres

Question 2: Calculate the reaction time of a cyclist who covers 9 metres in 0.6 seconds after noticing an obstacle. Use the reaction distance formula: Reaction Time = Reaction Distance / Speed.

Answer: Reaction time = 9 m / 15 m/s = 0.6 seconds

Question 1: Describe an experimental setup to measure reaction time in a school laboratory. Include the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: An experiment can involve a participant catching a ruler dropped without warning, measuring the distance fallen before catching. Variables include reaction time (dependent), age, alertness (independent), and ambient noise (controlled). Safety precautions involve ensuring a safe environment free of obstacles, and participants should be seated comfortably to prevent injury.

Question 1: A group of drivers has an average reaction time of 0.65 seconds with a standard deviation of 0.1 seconds. If a new driver has a reaction time of 0.85 seconds, how does this compare to the group average? What might this imply?

Answer: The new driver’s reaction time is above the group average by 0.2 seconds, indicating slower response. This could imply decreased alertness or other factors affecting reaction speed.

Question 1: Explain how reaction time impacts vehicle safety and what measures can be taken to improve it. (6 marks)

Answer: Reaction time directly affects stopping distances; longer reaction times increase the risk of accidents. Measures to improve reaction time include regular rest, avoiding alcohol and drugs, practising alertness exercises, and using modern vehicle safety systems like autonomous braking.

Question 1: Discuss how reaction time is important in the design of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) in modern vehicles.

Answer: Reaction time is crucial for ADAS features like automatic emergency braking, which must respond faster than human drivers to prevent collisions. Accurate sensors and rapid processing ensure timely responses, enhancing safety.