Question 1: Define a scalar quantity and give two examples related to forces.

Answer: A scalar quantity has only magnitude and no direction. Examples: mass, temperature.

Question 2: Explain the difference between a scalar and a vector quantity.

Answer: A scalar has only size/magnitude, while a vector has both magnitude and direction.

Question 3: Name three vector quantities related to motion.

Answer: Displacement, velocity, acceleration.

Question 1: A car travels 150 km north and then 100 km east. Calculate the resultant displacement using the Pythagorean theorem. Provide the answer in km.

Answer: Displacement = √(150² + 100²) ≈ 180.28 km

Question 2: A force of 20 N acts at an angle of 30° above the horizontal. Calculate the horizontal component of the force. (Use cos 30° ≈ 0.866)

Answer: Horizontal component = 20 N × cos 30° ≈ 17.32 N

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to measure the displacement of a moving object. Include variables to be measured and safety precautions.

Answer: Students can mark starting and ending points of the moving object on a coordinate system or measure with a measuring tape, recording initial and final positions to find displacement. Variables include initial position, final position, and time. Safety precautions involve ensuring the path is clear of obstacles and wearing appropriate protective gear if necessary.

Question 1: A swimmer swims 50 meters east, then 30 meters south. What is the total distance traveled? Is the displacement greater or less than the total distance? Explain.

Answer: Total distance = 50 m + 30 m = 80 m. Displacement is less than total distance because it is the straight-line distance between start and end points, approximately 58.31 meters, which is less than 80 m.

Question 1: A cyclist applies a force of 50 N at an angle of 45° to the horizontal to move a bicycle. Calculate the horizontal component of the force and explain its significance in motion.

Answer: Horizontal component = 50 N × cos 45° ≈ 35.36 N. This component contributes to the forward motion of the bicycle, overcoming resistive forces such as friction and air resistance.

Question 2: Explain how vectors are added using the head-to-tail method with a real-world example involving forces.

Answer: In the head-to-tail method, the tail of the second vector is placed at the head of the first vector. The resultant vector is drawn from the tail of the first to the head of the second. For example, if two forces are applied at a point at angles, their resultant can be found by connecting these vectors head-to-tail, illustrating the combined effect.

Question 1: Explain the importance of vectors in navigation systems such as GPS.

Answer: GPS uses vectors to determine position and direction by calculating displacement and velocity, helping users navigate accurately over distances and in different directions.